Long-Term Care

Infection Transmission-Part I

LTC Nursing Assistant Trainer, August 25, 2005

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CNAs should be aware of the five major types of infection transmissions, and which diseases and infections are commonly associated with each. Knowing ahead will attune you to a better, cleaner, and healthier environment for your residents. Next week, we'll review housekeeping practices and when it is vital to change your gloves.

The types of infection transmission and their commonly associated infections are as follows.

Contact transmission occurs when an infected person transfers microorganisms to another person. This may occur through direct physical contact, or through contact with an object that has been contaminated by the infected person. Common types of infections or diseases include

  • gastrointestinal
  • respiratory
  • skin or wound
  • impetigo
  • scabies

Droplet transmission occurs when microorganisms travel on droplets, such as from a cough or a sneeze, and then come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth of another person. Common diseases include

  • Pertussis (whooping cough)
  • cold
  • influenza
  • Rubella
  • pneumonia
  • mumps

Airborne transmission occurs when dried microorganisms or dust particles containing the microorganisms travel through the air and are inhaled. Common diseases include measles and tuberculosis.

Common vehicle transmission is the transmission of pathogens by contaminated items, such as food or equipment. Common diseases include salmonella and botulism.

Vectorborne transmission occurs when insects, rats, or other animals carry the microorganisms to people. Common diseases include Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Eastern equine encephalitis, and malaria.



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