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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Part I

LTC Nursing Assistant Trainer, October 7, 2004

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term used for two closely-related respiratory diseases: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Most people with COPD suffer from both diseases simultaneously, but the symptoms of one disease usually predominate over the other. Most people with COPD have a history of heavy smoking.

The symptoms of COPD worsen over time. At first, the affected resident may have only a mild shortness of breath and occasional cough. Later, the person develops a chronic cough, producing clear, colorless sputum. As the disease progresses, the individual's cough becomes more frequent and it becomes harder for him or her to breathe. In later stages, the person's heart may be affected. Death occurs when the lungs and heart can no longer deliver enough oxygen to sustain the body's organs and tissues.

Here are some measures CNAs can take to help residents suffering from COPD:

 Remind residents to wait for at least an hour after eating to participate in physical activity. Digestion draws blood, along with oxygen, away from muscles, leaving the body less able to cope with increased physical demands.
 Encourage them to pace themselves during physical activities.
 Instruct them to inhale deeply and exhale slowly through pursed lips during physical activity.
 Encourage residents to stretch and use relaxation exercises when they awaken.
 Suggest residents use a bath stool if they find showers and baths too tiring.
 Tell residents to avoid clothing that restricts chest and abdominal expansion, including tight belts, bras, and girdles. They should also avoid socks and stockings with elastic cuffs.

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