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Definition of hypernatremia

Long-Term Care Nursing Advisor, April 18, 2008

Hypernatremia is almost always an indication of excessive fluid depletion. It usually occurs with inadequate fluid intake and increased water loss. It commonly develops in elderly residents as a result of:

  • Some diseases and medical conditions
  • Physical or mental inability to consume sufficient fluids
  • lack of thirst
  • Conditions that override the body's volume control mechanisms, usually excessive diuresis or diabetes insipidus
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Loss of excessive water through the kidneys
  • Residents receiving tube feedings with inadequate free water

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